Press release

NATURE NEEDS TO BE ON THE BALANCE SHEET IF WE ARE TO REVERSE BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CRISIS

• Research paper calls for Nature to have mandatory line in financial reports otherwise it is a key stakeholder without a voice
• Highlighted to coincide with Finance and Biodiversity Day at COP15
• Paper recommends completely rethinking corporate governance, accounting and auditing so Nature can be accounted for

Manchester, UK, Wednesday 14 December 2022 – Companies should take the practical step of adding the value of Nature to annual accounts to help save the planet – that’s according to Professor of Accounting, Governance and Society at the Alliance Manchester Business School, Paolo Quattrone and Associate Professor of Performance and Sustainability Measurement at the Accounting Department of Bocconi University, Milan, Ariela Caglio.

On Finance and Biodiversity Day of COP15, building on the publication of, “Seeking transparency makes one blind: how to rethink disclosure, account for Nature and make corporations sustainable”[1], and on research produced with the kind support of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK, Professors Quattrone and Caglio call for adding a line for Nature in the current accounting and auditing system.  This would allow Nature, to be a visible key stakeholder and to have a voice and value.  This approach would allow greater focus and capital to be given to Nature – and human activity would move decisively and permanently to net positive.

Professors Quattrone and Caglio’s long term hope is that governments, central banks and regulators could legislate to make this compulsory – but in the meantime, they urge corporations, and indeed all organisations, to start adding Nature in their financial reports voluntarily and to set up bonds for Nature’s repair and revival.

Professor Paolo Quattrone says: “As the world meets, at the once in decade biodiversity summit COP15, in Montreal, to discuss how we protect the natural world and halt its destruction, we have an opportunity to build on the consensus to not just make sure Nature is a stakeholder and given a voice, but how we can shift our thinking to literally account for it in annual financial reports.”

Professors Quattrone and Caglio are calling for four key changes:

• A Value-Added for Nature Income Statement (VAN): Professor Quattrone says: “The problem is that we do not remunerate Nature, as Nature has no one who can speak on its behalf. The addition of a Provision for Nature in the Value-Added for Nature Income Statement (VAN) would force all stakeholders to pay serious attention to how we relate corporate activity to the only stakeholder who does not have a voice: Nature. VAN is the vehicle that will drive this necessary change.”

• Auditing: Professor Quattrone asserts: “The analysis of every accounting scandal shows the assumptions underlying a theory of disclosure inspired by the dream of transparency are, at best, naïve. In many cases auditors are not independent from the auditee and governors are entrepreneurs.  The case of Mr. Berlusconi and Mr. Trump are just two recent high-profile cases of a much broader lack of clear-cut boundaries between stakeholders.”

• Corporate Governance: Professor Quattrone argues: “In developed economies, the belief in the market as a governance mechanism and the need for scale when operating globally, has led the financial sector to be undiffuse. Paradoxically, a dispersed ownership that denied independency delivered a much more effective governance than would a naïve belief in independence.  Independence, like transparency, is an impossible dream.”

• Fund for Nature: Professor Caglio urges: “Companies which do not want to wait for structural changes in the accounting and auditing eco-system can create a Fund for Nature right now. The establishment of a Fund for Nature on the balance sheet would generate a debate on its use by the management who will have to be accountable to stakeholders in the general assembly in the usual way.  Also, with the project Professor Quattrone and I are now finalising, VAN would enable companies to analyse their supply chains in a more meaningful and fulsome way and so help them reach the UN SDG goals.”

Professor Quattrone adds: “Currently financial structures are not set up to recognise Nature in financial reports.  With its roots in the first industrial revolution, and codified by Adam Smith, who reduced value to utility, and in turn market price, the current accounting system recognises only production and assets and not how Nature is affected – usually damaged, destroyed or exploited – by this production.

“The addition of a Provision for Nature in the Value-Added for Nature Income Statement (VAN) would force stakeholders to pay serious attention to how we relate our corporate activity to Nature.  The VAN allows stakeholders to see and measure important things that are not currently there.  Rather than reinforcing regulators and relying on supposedly independent auditors, would it not be better to reinforce the competition for truth and transparency?”

Professor Caglio affirms: “By putting Nature on the balance sheet, accountants would have to account for it and devise ways to repair, and indeed improve Nature, because of the firm’s activities.  The approach would encourage firms to consciously consider the means and not just the ends.  Such a system would empower accountants to become one of the biggest advocates and drivers for biodiversity safeguarding, repair and revival.  Accounting and accountants can save the world.”

Simeon Rose, Creative Director of Dream Quickly and Faith In Nature who recently appointed Nature to their board says: “COP15 is shining a light on the scale of animal and insect Armageddon. We have lost as much as 70% of certain species since 1970 and we are on the verge of ecological collapse. As rational beings, we need to reform our systems of operations — across the whole of society from finance to manufacturing to NGOs — so that it rewards people looking after and reviving Nature and does not reward them for destroying it as the current system does. Professor Quattrone and Caglio’s solution of putting Nature on the balance sheet so that it is accounted for, seems a huge step in the right direction to me. We need to do it and need to do it fast.”

Mario Trogni, CEO of Alperia Greenpower srl – Northern Italy utility company using local regulations to set up its own environmental funds – says: “Sustainability is in our DNA. As a company that has always cared about people and the planet, we contribute directly via the establishment of Environmental Funds to our local ecosystem. So, a portion of our profits go into this Fund every year to compensate for the using up of natural resources. The Fund is co-managed by us with several stakeholders who have a say in how these funds are operated. It works really well. We have already seen local eco-systems around some of our power plants, revive and flourish as a result of the investment. I would urge others to institute such funds. It makes economic, social and environmental sense.”

ENDS

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Notes for editors

This work takes forward the growing consensus amongst academic, scientists, governments, regulators and thought leaders that Nature must have a voice at the table if we are to prevent catastrophic biodiversity loss and climate change.

Further reading

“Nature in the balance: What companies can do to restore natural capital”, McKinsey Report, 5 December 2022, https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/nature-in-the-balance-what-companies-can-do-to-restore-natural-capital?stcr=C8D3E830504A4223852DBC2EAC0278D9&cid=other-eml-alt-mip-mck&hlkid=ff84f46c3f8945b7aecf875a9210e906&hctky=12833155&hdpid=f56411eb-60ba-4e1f-bd9b-449992eda0a1

Acknowledgement

Professors Quattrone’s and Caglio’s work in this area has kindly been funded by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK and assisted by Ms Sarah Russo.

About Paolo Quattrone

Paolo Quattrone is the Professor of Accounting, Governance and Society and Director of the Centre for the Analysis of Investment Risk at the Alliance Manchester Business School. In 2022, the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM) honoured Paolo with the prestigious 5th EIASM Interdisciplinary Leader Award.  He is also an Associate Fellow at the Saïd Business School of the University of Oxford, where he is still Honorary Senior Research Fellow at Italian Studies at Oxford, which he co-founded while being there as Reader in Accounting at the Saïd Business School (in association with an Official Studentship, i.e. fellowship, at Christ Church). Paolo has been serving on the Thought Leadership and Ethics Committee of the AICPA-CIMA for a few years and he now Chair the Corporate Reporting Development Panel. In 2019-20, he was a Member of the Advisory Group on the Future of Corporate Reporting at the Financial Reporting Council.

https://www.paoloquattrone.com/

About Ariela Caglio

Ariela Caglio is the Associate Professor of Management Accounting at Bocconi University and Director of ESSEC-Bocconi Double Degree (Master of Science in Management) since 2019. Since 2017 she has been a research Fellow at BAFFI-CAREFIN (Centre for Applied Research on International Markets, Banking, Finance and Regulation) and Research Fellow at BIDSA (Bocconi Institute for Data Science and Analytics). She is also a Senior Professor of the SDA Bocconi School of Management. She has distinguished herself for numerous academic awards including the ‘David Solomons Prize’ (2013). Caglio was a Research Assistant at the University of Manchester (1999-2000) and visiting Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (2011). She sits on the Management Committee of the European Accounting Association (EAA) and is advisor for UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) on sustainability reporting and SDGs.

https://accounting.unibocconi.eu/people/ariela-caglio

[1] Access a free copy of the full research paper, here:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354635392_Seeking_transparency_makes_one_blind_how_to_rethink_disclosure_account_for_nature_and_make_corporations_sustainable